![]() With state-of-the-art equipment, Sprague was a major research and development center, conducting studies on electricity and semi-conducting materials. government during World War II to design and manufacture crucial components of advanced weapons systems, including the atomic bomb. Sprague physicists, chemists, electrical engineers, and skilled technicians were called upon by the U.S. Later that year, the Sprague Electric Company bought the former print works site. Despite decades of success, falling cloth prices and the lingering effects of the Great Depression forced the company to close its Marshall Street operation in 1942 and consolidate at smaller facilities in Adams. It also became the largest employer in North Adams, with some 3,200 workers by 1905. During the next four decades, Arnold Print Works became one of the world's leading manufacturers of printed textiles. Large government contracts to supply fabric for the Union Army helped the business prosper. ĭowntown in 1860, Oliver Arnold and Company was established with the latest equipment for printing cloth. Prior to that time, inter-regional travel was limited to weekly stagecoaches from Albany and Greenfield. North Adams was also the headquarters for building the Hoosac Tunnel starting in 1851 and completed in 1874, adding an east–west connection to Boston and Albany to the existing 1842 rail connection to New York. On a national scale, the North Adams strike became known as the primary trigger to the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act by the U.S. In 1870 the use of Chinese strikebreakers from California to break the North Adams strike at the Sampson Shoe Factory (today part of the Mass MoCA complex) was an important step in the movement of Chinese from the west coast to the east coast, resulting in east coast Chinatowns in the United States. The 1850 census marked the official shift of the town from agriculture to industry, since more factory workers than farmers now resided in the town. Įxpansion westwards started with the creation of three mill villages, Blackinton in 1821, Greylock inġ846 and Braytonville in 1832, located to take advantage of the Hoosac River's water power. By the late 1700s and early 1800s, businesses included wholesale shoe manufacturers a brick yard a saw mill cabinet-makers hat manufacturers machine shops for the construction of mill machines marble works wagon and sleigh-makers and an ironworks, which provided the pig iron for armor plates on the Civil War ship, the Monitor. ![]() Manufacturing began in the city before the Revolutionary War, largely because the confluence of the Hoosic River's two branches provided water power for small-scale industry. įor much of its history, North Adams was a mill town. ![]() The city is named in honor of Samuel Adams, a leader in the American Revolution, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and governor of Massachusetts. The town was incorporated separately from Adams in 1878, and reincorporated as a city in 1895. The historic site was conveyed to the City of North Adams by the Golub family in 2017. The 1933 Fort's replica chimney is located at the rear of the Central Markets Supermarket that opened at the site in 1960 and closed in 2016 as a Price Chopper Supermarket. It was dedicated in 1933 and operated as a historical tourist site until the 1960s. The North Adams Women's Club began raising funds in 1895 to reconstruct the fort as a memorial site. In a period of peace following the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, many of the soldiers who had been garrisoned at the fort turned to farming instead by opting to each take a 190-acre package of nearby land in lieu of back-pay in the nearby township of West Hoosac (now known as Williamstown). In 1747 Fort Massachusetts was rebuilt with improved defenses, but was never attacked again. ![]() During the war, Canadian and Native American forces laid siege to Fort Massachusetts 30 prisoners were taken to Quebec half died in captivity. ![]() North Adams was first settled in 1745 during King George's War, when the most western of a line of defensive forts was built along the bank of the Hoosic River, and occupied by British soldiers and their families. ![]()
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